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超强纤维材料:使防弹背心更强、更绿色
2016-02-15 11:29:28 浏览次数:1797
【易塑网咨讯中心】讯:目前,在商业上用于制造纤维的方法都有各自的缺点。比如用凝胶纺丝法制备高模量超高强度聚乙烯纤维,需要大量有毒和易燃的溶剂。
为此,来自苏黎世联邦理工大学的Theo Tervoort 和Paul Smith所带领的研究小组想要寻找一种新的环保方法来生产这种超强纤维。
科学家们研究出了一种新的方法来纺出高性能聚乙烯纤维,所制备的材料强大到足以阻止超速飞行的子弹。这种纤维可用于航海的帆,攀爬的绳索,甚至细到可以用于外科手术缝合线。
因为这种“有嚼劲”的纤维,防弹背心和其他类似的超强材料很快就可以变得更强更绿色了。
研究人员用更天然更安全的溶剂取代了原本的有害溶剂,这之中包括来自于动植物脂肪的初榨橄榄油,花生油和硬脂酸。这种新方法环保绿色,比现有的商业方法更有效,甚至有效率达到原来的250%,做成的纤维比用目前的商业方法得到的纤维强两倍。研究者称,他们的产品更有嚼劲。目前,该研究成果已经发表于Macromolecules。
摘要速递:
High-Performance Polyethylene Fibers “Al Dente”: Improved Gel-Spinning of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Using Vegetable Oils
Macromolecules
DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02211
Publication Date (Web): November 30, 2015
We demonstrate that the major drawbacks of so-called gel spinning and solid-state processing of “virgin”, i.e. never molten or fully dissolved, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW PE) to produce ultrahigh modulus and ultrahigh strength fibers and films, which are the unfavorably low polymer concentrations in highly flammable solvents typically employed in the former process and low production rates in the latter, can be largely avoided by employing relatively poor—as opposed to good—solvents, including, among others, fatty acids and natural oils omnipresent in, for example, fruits, nuts, and seeds, which have additional major recovery and environmental advantages.
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